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The Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute was a popular-music concert staged on 11 June 1988 at Wembley Stadium, London and broadcast to 67 countries and an audience of 600 million. It was also referred to as Freedomfest, Free Nelson Mandela Concert and Mandela Day. In the United States, the Fox television network heavily censored the political aspects of the concert.〔The Art of Protest, by T.V Reed, p174. University of Minnesota Press, 2005〕〔Unreliable Sources: A guide to Detecting Bias in News Media, by Martin A Lee and Norman Solomon. ISBN 0-8184-0561-9. Quoted by Norman Solomon in Political and Corporate Censorship in the Land of the Free, by John Shirley, Gauntlet No.3 1992.〕〔Morse, Steve (13 June 1988), ''Boston Globe''〕 ==First of two Mandela events== The Birthday Tribute was regarded by many, including the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the African National Congress, as raising worldwide consciousness of the imprisonment of ANC leader Mandela and others by the South African apartheid government and forcing the regime to release Nelson Mandela earlier than would otherwise have happened.〔(【引用サイトリンク】African National Congress">author=Mike Ketchum )〕〔Letter from Mike Terry, Executive Secretary, Anti-Apartheid Movement, 18 January 2003: "Before the first event, the prospect of Nelson Mandela's imminent release from prison seemed completely unrealistic. Yet within 20 months he walked free and I have no doubt that the first event played a decisive role in making this happen. This was implicitly acknowledged by Nelson Mandela, himself, by his decision to participate in the second event."〕〔Letter from Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, President of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 12 July 1995: "The result of his efforts helped to generate the pressures which secured the release of Nelson Mandela."〕〔(ANC website message: "...the worldwide campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and political prisoners made a decisive contribution...One event in particular symbolised that campaign – the 'Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute'...The ANC owes an enormous debt of gratitude to the artists and performers and all those who made that event possible... )〕 Eighteen months after the event, with a release now thought to be approaching, Mandela asked for the organisers of the event to create a second concert as an official international reception at which, after 27 years in prison, he would address the world. The second event, Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa, was, like the first, conceived to be shown on television across the world and was broadcast from Wembley Stadium to more than 60 countries on 16 April 1990. The first concert, according to Robin Denselow, music critic and presenter of the BBC broadcast, writing in 1989,〔Denselow, R. When The Music's Over: The Story of Political Pop, p276. Faber and Faber, 1990. ISBN 0-571-13906-X〕 was the "biggest and most spectacular pop-political event of all time, a more political version of Live Aid with the aim of raising consciousness rather than just money." The organiser and risk-funder of the two events was producer and impresario Tony Hollingsworth. Hollingsworth also conceived the idea for the first event.〔Letter from Mike Terry, Executive Secretary, Anti-Apartheid Movement, 18 January 2003: "...he performed multiple roles of creator, risk taker, executive producer, producer and artists recruiter. He never claimed such an array of titles nor pushed himself in front of the media preferring to let the media focus on the cause at hand."〕〔Letter to Hollingsworth from AAM, signed by Archbishop Huddleston, Dr Allan Boesak, Robert Huges MP, Andimba Toivo ja Toivo and Oliver Tambo, president of the African National Congress, 12 June 1988, the day after the first Mandela concert: "On behalf of all of us who got the credit for the marvellous Anti Apartheid concert and all that will follow from it – a thousand thanks!"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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